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Electric string instrument

Electrical guitar

1954 Gibson Les Paul Custom electrical guitar
String musical instrument
Other names	Guitar, solid-body guitar
Classification	String instrument (fingered or picked or strummed)
Hornbostel–Sachs nomenclature	321.322 (Composite chordophone)
Developed	1932, United States
Playing range
(a guitar tuned to Eastward standard)
Sound sample
Electric guitar lick in the style of Chuck Berry file aid

An electric guitar is a guitar that requires external amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard audio-visual guitar (withal combinations of the two - a semi-acoustic guitar and an electric acoustic (run into below) guitar - exists). Information technology uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electric signals, which ultimately are reproduced every bit sound past loudspeakers. The sound is sometimes shaped or electronically altered to achieve different timbres or tonal qualities on the amplifier settings or the knobs on the guitar from that of an acoustic guitar. Oft, this is washed through the use of furnishings such as reverb, distortion and "overdrive"; the latter is considered to be a key chemical element of electric blues guitar music and rock guitar playing.

Invented in 1932, the electrical guitar was adopted past jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in big large band ensembles. Early on proponents of the electric guitar on tape include Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker, and Charlie Christian. During the 1950s and 1960s, the electrical guitar became the near important instrument in popular music.^[1] It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and stone to folk to country music, blues and jazz. Information technology served equally a major component in the development of electric dejection, rock and curl, rock music, heavy metal music and many other genres of music.

Electric guitar blueprint and construction varies greatly in the shape of the torso and the configuration of the cervix, bridge, and pickups. Guitars may have a stock-still bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge, which lets players "bend" the pitch of notes or chords up or down, or perform vibrato furnishings. The sound of an electric guitar can be modified past new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, and hammering-on, using audio feedback, or slide guitar playing.

At that place are several types of electric guitar, including: the solid-body guitar; diverse types of hollow-torso guitars; the vi-string guitar (the about common type), which is usually tuned E, A, D, G, B, E, from lowest to highest strings; the seven-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the viii-string guitar, which typically adds a low Eastward or F# cord below the depression B; and the twelve-string guitar, which has six pairs of strings.

In pop and rock music, the electric guitar is often used in ii roles: equally a rhythm guitar, which plays the chord sequences or progressions, and riffs, and sets the beat (every bit role of a rhythm department); and as a lead guitar, which provides instrumental melody lines, melodic instrumental fill passages, and solos. In a minor group, such equally a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In large stone and Metal bands, in that location is often a rhythm guitarist and a pb guitarist.

History [edit]

Many experiments with electrically amplifying the vibrations of a cord instrument were made dating dorsum to the early on part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s bear witness telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins and banjos to amplify the sound. Hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge; however, these detected vibrations from the span on top of the musical instrument, resulting in a weak signal.^[2]

Electrical guitars were originally designed by audio-visual guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. The demand for amplified guitars began during the big ring era; equally orchestras increased in size, guitar players before long realized the necessity in guitar distension and electrification.^[3] The offset electrical guitars used in jazz were hollow archtop acoustic guitar bodies with electromagnetic transducers.

The first electrically amplified stringed instrument to be marketed commercially was a cast aluminium lap steel guitar nicknamed the "Frying Pan" designed in 1931 past George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president.^[4] George Beauchamp, along with Adolph Rickenbacker, invented the electromagnetic pickups.^[5] Coils that were wrapped around a magnet would create an electromagnetic field that converted the vibrations of the guitar strings into electrical signals, which could then be amplified. Commercial product began in tardily summer of 1932 past the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (Electro-Patent-Instrument Company), in Los Angeles,^{[6] [7]} a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker (originally Rickenbacher), and Paul Barth.^[8]

In 1934, the visitor was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company. In that twelvemonth Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Musical instrument and the patent was after issued in 1937.^{[9] [10] [xi] [12]} Past the time information technology was patented, other manufacturers were already making their own electric guitar designs.^[xiii] Early electrical guitar manufacturers include Rickenbacker in 1932; Dobro in 1933; National, AudioVox and Volu-tone in 1934; Vega, Epiphone (Electrophone and Electar), and Gibson in 1935 and many others by 1936.

Electro-Spanish by Ken Roberts, 1935

By early-mid 1935, Electro Cord Instrument Corporation had achieved success with the "Frying Pan", and set out to capture a new audience through its release of the Electro-Spanish Model B and the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts, which was the showtime full 25-inch scale electric guitar ever produced.^{[14] [9] [10] [11] [12]} The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts was revolutionary for its time, providing players a total 25-inch calibration, with easy access to 17 frets costless of the body.^[15] Unlike other lap-steel electrified instruments produced during the time, the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts was designed to play while standing upright with the guitar on a strap, as with acoustic guitars.^[15] The Electro-Castilian Ken Roberts was besides the first instrument to characteristic a hand-operated vibrato as a standard engagement,^[fifteen] a device chosen the "Vibrola," invented past Doc Kauffman.^{[15] [16]} Information technology is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937; fewer than x are known to survive today.^{[9] [ten] [11] [12]}

The solid-trunk electric guitar is made of solid wood, without functionally resonating air spaces. The first solid-body Spanish standard guitar was offered by Vivi-Tone no later than 1934. This model featured a guitar-shaped body of a single canvass of plywood affixed to a wood frame. Another early on, substantially solid Spanish electric guitar, called the Electro Spanish, was marketed past the Rickenbacker guitar company in 1935 and made of Bakelite. By 1936, the Slingerland company introduced a wooden solid-trunk electric model, the Slingerland Songster 401 (and a lap steel counterpart, the Songster 400).

Gibson's start production electric guitar, marketed in 1936, was the ES-150 model ("ES" for "Electric Spanish", and "150" reflecting the $150 price of the instrument, along with matching amplifier). The ES-150 guitar featured a unmarried-scroll, hexagonally shaped "bar" pickup, which was designed past Walt Fuller. Information technology became known as the "Charlie Christian" pickup (named for the keen jazz guitarist who was among the showtime to perform with the ES-150 guitar). The ES-150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings.

A functioning solid-torso electrical guitar was designed and built in 1940 by Les Paul from an Epiphone acoustic archtop as an experiment. His "log guitar" — a wood post with a neck attached and two hollow-body halves attached to the sides for appearance only — shares naught in common for design or hardware with the solid-torso Gibson Les Paul, designed by Ted McCarty and introduced in 1952.

The feedback associated with amplified hollow-bodied electric guitars was understood long before Paul'southward "log" was created in 1940; Gage Brewer's Ro-Pat-In of 1932 had a top so heavily reinforced that it essentially functioned every bit a solid-body musical instrument.^[2]

Types [edit]

Solid-trunk [edit]

Dissimilar acoustic guitars, solid-body electric guitars accept no vibrating soundboard to amplify string vibration. Instead, solid-body instruments depend on electric pickups (microphones) and an amplifier (or amp) and speaker. The solid body ensures that the amplified audio reproduces the string vibration alone, thus avoiding the wolf tones and unwanted feedback^[nineteen] associated with amplified acoustic guitars. These guitars are more often than not made of hardwood covered with a hard polymer finish, often polyester or lacquer. In big product facilities, the wood is stored for 3 to six months in a forest-drying kiln earlier beingness cut to shape. Premium custom-congenital guitars are frequently made with much older, mitt-selected forest.

Ane of the first solid-trunk guitars was invented by Les Paul. Gibson did non nowadays their Gibson Les Paul guitar prototypes to the public, every bit they did not believe the solid-body style would catch on. Another early on solid-torso Spanish style guitar, resembling what would become Gibson's Les Paul guitar a decade later, was developed in 1941 by O.Westward. Appleton, of Nogales, Arizona.^[xx] Appleton made contact with both Gibson and Fender just was unable to sell the thought backside his "App" guitar to either company.^[21] In 1946, Merle Travis deputed steel guitar builder Paul Bigsby to build him a solid-body Castilian-style electrical.^[22] Bigsby delivered the guitar in 1948. The showtime mass-produced solid-body guitar was Fender Esquire and Fender Broadcaster (later to become the Fender Telecaster), first fabricated in 1948, v years later Les Paul made his prototype. The Gibson Les Paul appeared soon after to compete with the Broadcaster.^[23] Another notable solid-body pattern is the Fender Stratocaster, which was introduced in 1954 and became extremely popular among musicians in the 1960s and 1970s for its broad tonal capabilities and more than comfortable ergonomics than other models. Different styles of guitar have different pick-up styles, the main being 2 or three 'single-curl' pick-ups or a double humbucker, with the Stratocaster being a triple single-whorl guitar.

The history of Electrical Guitars is summarized by Guitar World magazine, and the earliest electrical guitar on their elevation 10 list is the Ro-Pat-In Electro A-25 "Frying Pan" (1932) described as 'The first-fully operation solid-body electric guitar to be manufactured and sold'.^[24] The most recent electrical guitar on this list is the Ibanez Jem (1987) which featured '24 frets', 'an impossibly thin neck' and was 'designed to be the ultimate shredder machine'. Numerous other important electric guitars are on the list including Gibson ES-150 (1936), Fender Telecaster (1951), Gibson Les Paul (1952), Gretsch 6128 Duo Jet (1953), Fender Stratocaster (1954), Rickenbacker 360/12 (1964), Van Halen Frankenstrat (1975), Paul Reed Smith Custom (1985) many of these guitars were 'successors' to before designs.^[24] Electrical Guitar designs eventually became culturally of import and visually iconic, with various model companies selling miniature model versions of particularly famous electric guitars, for example the Gibson SG used by Angus Immature from the group AC/DC.

Chambered-body [edit]

Some solid-bodied guitars and some others, such as the Gibson Les Paul Supreme, the PRS Singlecut, and the Fender Telecaster Thinline, are congenital with hollow chambers in the trunk. These chambers are designed to not interfere with the critical span and string anchor bespeak on the solid body. In the instance of Gibson and PRS, these are called chambered bodies. The motivation for this may be to reduce weight, to accomplish a semi-acoustic tone (come across beneath) or both.^{[25] [26] [27]}

Semi-acoustic [edit]

Epiphone semi-acoustic hollow-trunk guitar

Semi-acoustic guitars have a hollow trunk (similar in depth to a solid-trunk guitar) and electronic pickups mounted on the trunk. They work in a similar way to solid-body electric guitars except that considering the hollow body also vibrates, the pickups convert a combination of string and body vibration into an electrical betoken. Whereas chambered guitars are made, like solid-body guitars, from a single block of wood, semi-acoustic and full-hollow-torso guitars bodies are made from thin sheets of wood. They do not provide enough acoustic book for alive operation, but they tin be used unplugged for quiet do. Semi-acoustics are noted for existence able to provide a sweet, plaintive, or funky tone. They are used in many genres, including dejection, funk, sixties pop, and indie rock. They generally accept cello-manner F-shaped sound holes. These can be blocked off to prevent feedback. Feedback can also be reduced past making them with a solid block in the middle of the soundbox.

Full hollow-torso [edit]

Total hollow-trunk guitars have big, deep bodies made of glued-together sheets, or "plates", of wood. They tin can ofttimes be played at the same book every bit an acoustic guitar and therefore can exist used unplugged at intimate gigs. They qualify every bit electric guitars inasmuch as they have fitted pickups. Historically, archtop guitars with retrofitted pickups were amid the very earliest electric guitars. The instrument originated during the Jazz Age, in the 1920s and 1930s, and are still considered the classic jazz guitar (nicknamed "jazzbox"). Like semi-acoustic guitars, they often have f-shaped sound holes.

Having humbucker pickups (sometimes merely a neck pickup) and ordinarily strung heavily, jazz boxes are noted for their warm, rich tone. A variation with single-coil pickups, and sometimes with a Bigsby tremolo, has long been popular in country and rockabilly; it has a distinctly more than twangy, biting tone than the archetype jazz box. The term archtop refers to a method of construction subtly unlike from the typical acoustic (or "folk" or "western" or "steel-string" guitar): the top is formed from a moderately thick (1 inch (2.5 cm)) piece of woods, which is and then carved into a thin (0.1 inches (0.25 cm)) domed shape, whereas conventional audio-visual guitars have a thin, flat top.

Electric acoustic [edit]

Some steel-cord audio-visual guitars are fitted with pickups purely as an culling to using a separate microphone. They may also be fitted with a piezoelectric pickup nether the bridge, attached to the bridge mounting plate, or with a low-mass microphone (ordinarily a condenser mic) inside the torso of the guitar that converts the vibrations in the trunk into electronic signals. Combinations of these types of pickups may be used, with an integral mixer/preamp/graphic blaster. Such instruments are called electric audio-visual guitars. They are regarded as acoustic guitars rather than electric guitars because the pickups do non produce a signal directly from the vibration of the strings, simply rather from the vibration of the guitar top or body.

Electric acoustic guitars should not exist confused with semi-acoustic guitars, which have pickups of the blazon found on solid-body electric guitars, or solid-body hybrid guitars with piezoelectric pickups.

Construction [edit]

Electric guitar design and construction vary profoundly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the cervix, bridge, and pickups. Nonetheless, some features are nowadays on most guitars. The photo below shows the different parts of an electrical guitar. The headstock (ane) contains the metal automobile heads (1.1), which use a worm gear for tuning. The nut (1.4)—a thin fret-like strip of metal, plastic, graphite, or bone—supports the strings at the headstock finish of the instrument. The frets (two.three) are thin metallic strips that end the cord at the correct pitch when the player pushes a cord against the fingerboard. The truss rod (i.2) is a metal rod (unremarkably adaptable) that counters the tension of the strings to keep the neck directly. Position markers (2.two) provide the player with a reference to the playing position on the fingerboard.^[28]

The cervix and fretboard (two.one) extend from the trunk. At the neck joint (two.iv), the neck is either glued or bolted to the body. The body (3) is typically made of wood with a hard, polymerized finish. Strings vibrating in the magnetic field of the pickups (iii.1, 3.ii) produce an electrical current in the pickup winding that passes through the tone and volume controls (3.eight) to the output jack. Some guitars have piezo pickups, in addition to or instead of magnetic pickups.

Some guitars have a fixed bridge (3.four). Others have a bound-loaded hinged bridge called a vibrato bar, tremolo bar, or whammy bar, which lets players bend notes or chords up or down in pitch or perform a vibrato embellishment. A plastic pickguard on some guitars protects the trunk from scratches or covers the control cavity, which holds most of the wiring. The degree to which the choice of woods and other materials in the solid-guitar body (three) affects the sonic grapheme of the amplified signal is disputed. Many believe information technology is highly significant, while others think the difference between woods is subtle. In acoustic and archtop guitars, wood choices more than clearly affect tone.

Forest typically used in solid-body electrical guitars include alder (brighter, but well rounded), swamp ash (similar to alder, but with more than pronounced highs and lows), mahogany (dark, bassy, warm),^[29] poplar (similar to alder), and basswood (very neutral).^[thirty] Maple, a very bright tonewood,^[30] is too a pop body wood but is very heavy. For this reason, information technology is ofttimes placed as a "cap" on a guitar made primarily of another forest. Cheaper guitars are oft fabricated of cheaper woods, such every bit plywood, pino, or agathis—non true hardwoods—which can affect durability and tone. Though most guitars are made of wood, any cloth may be used. Materials such as plastic, metal, and even cardboard have been used in some instruments.

Roughly speaking, most popular guitar bodies are fabricated of^[31] Alder, Ash, Poplar, Basswood, Mahogany and Maple. Maple solid-body is uncommon though, because information technology is a hardwood, although custom shops and more eccentric guitarists may use it.

The guitar output jack typically provides a monaural signal. Many guitars with active electronics utilize a jack with an extra contact commonly used for stereo. These guitars apply the extra contact to break the ground connection to the on-lath battery to preserve battery life when the guitar is unplugged. These guitars crave a mono plug to shut the internal switch and connect the bombardment to ground. Standard guitar cables employ a high-impedance 1⁄4 inch (6.35 mm) mono plug. These accept a tip and sleeve configuration referred to every bit a TS phone connector. The voltage is normally effectually 1 to 9 millivolts.

A few guitars feature stereo output, such as Rickenbacker guitars equipped with Rick-O-Sound. In that location are a variety of means the "stereo" consequence may exist implemented. Commonly, only not exclusively, stereo guitars route the neck and span pickups to separate output buses on the guitar. A stereo cable so routes each pickup to its signal chain or amplifier. For these applications, the most popular connector is a high-impedance ane⁄iv inch (half dozen.35 mm) plug with a tip, band, and sleeve configuration, likewise known as a TRS phone connector. Some studio instruments, notably sure Gibson Les Paul models, incorporate a depression-impedance three-pivot XLR connector for counterbalanced sound. Many exotic arrangements and connectors exist that support features such every bit midi and hexaphonic pickups.

Bridge and tailpiece systems [edit]

The bridge and tailpiece, while serving separate purposes, piece of work closely together to touch on playing style and tone. There are four basic types of bridge and tailpiece systems on electrical guitars. Within these four types are many variants.

A hard-tail guitar bridge anchors the strings at or direct behind the bridge and is attached deeply to the top of the instrument.^[32] These are mutual on carved-top guitars, such as the Gibson Les Paul and the Paul Reed Smith models, and on slab-body guitars, such as the Music Human being Albert Lee and Fender guitars that are not equipped with a vibrato arm.

A floating or trapeze tailpiece (similar to a violin's) fastens to the body at the base of operations of the guitar. These appear on Rickenbackers, Gretsches, Epiphones, a wide variety of archtop guitars, peculiarly jazz guitars, and the 1952 Gibson Les Paul.^[33]

Pictured is a tremolo arm or vibrato tailpiece-style bridge and tailpiece system, often called a whammy bar or trem. It uses a lever ("vibrato arm") attached to the bridge that tin temporarily slacken or tighten the strings to alter the pitch. A role player can apply this to create a vibrato or a portamento effect. Early vibrato systems were oftentimes unreliable and made the guitar exit of melody easily. They likewise had a limited pitch range. Later Fender designs were better, just Fender held the patent on these, so other companies used older designs for many years.

Detail of a Squier-fabricated Fender Stratocaster. Note the vibrato arm, the 3 single-coil pickups, the volume and tone knobs.

With the expiration of the Fender patent on the Stratocaster-style vibrato, various improvements on this type of internal, multi-spring vibrato system are at present available. Floyd Rose introduced one of the first improvements on the vibrato system in many years when, in the late 1970s, he experimented with "locking" nuts and bridges that forestall the guitar from losing tuning, even under heavy vibrato bar use.

Tune-o-matic with "strings through the trunk" construction (without stopbar)

The fourth type of organization employs string-through trunk anchoring. The strings pass over the span saddles, then through holes through the top of the guitar body to the back. The strings are typically anchored in identify at the back of the guitar by metal ferrules. Many believe this design improves a guitar'southward sustain and timbre. A few examples of string-through body guitars are the Fender Telecaster Thinline, the Fender Telecaster Deluxe, the B.C. Rich It Warlock and Mockingbird, and the Schecter Omen 6 and 7 series.

Pickups [edit]

Pickups on a Fender Squier "Fatty Strat" guitar—a "humbucker" pickup on the left and two unmarried-coil pickups on the right.

Compared to an acoustic guitar, which has a hollow torso, electric guitars brand much less audible audio when their strings are plucked, and so electric guitars are normally plugged into a guitar amplifier and speaker. When an electric guitar is played, string movement produces a indicate past generating (i.e., inducing) a small electric current in the magnetic pickups, which are magnets wound with coils of very fine wire. The signal passes through the tone and book circuits to the output jack, and through a cable to an amplifier.^[34] The electric current induced is proportional to such factors equally string density and the corporeality of movement over the pickups.

Because of their natural qualities, magnetic pickups tend to pick up ambient, usually unwanted electromagnetic interference or EMI.^[35] This mains hum results in a tone of l or 60 cycles per 2d depending on the powerline frequency of the local alternating current supply.

The resulting hum is particularly stiff with single-roll pickups. Double-curl or "humbucker" pickups were invented as a mode to reduce or counter the audio, as they are designed to "cadet" (in the verb sense of oppose or resist) the hum, hence their proper name. The high combined inductance of the 2 coils also leads to the richer, "fatter" tone associated with humbucking pickups.

Guitar necks [edit]

Roasted Maple guitar neck blanks with flame effigy earlier shaping

Electric guitar necks vary in composition and shape. The main metric of guitar necks is the calibration length, which is the vibrating length of the strings from nut to bridge. A typical Fender guitar uses a 25.five-inch (65 cm) scale length, while Gibson uses a 24.75-inch (62.nine cm) calibration length in their Les Paul. While the scale length of the Les Paul is ofttimes described equally 24.75 inches, information technology has varied through the years by equally much every bit a one-half inch.^[36]

Frets are positioned proportionally to scale length—the shorter the calibration length, the closer the fret spacing. Opinions vary regarding the issue of scale length on tone and feel. Popular stance holds that longer scale length contributes to greater amplitude. Reports of playing experience are greatly complicated by the many factors involved in this perception. String judge and design, neck construction and relief, guitar setup, playing style, and other factors contribute to the subjective impression of playability or experience.

Necks are described as bolt-on, set-in, or cervix-through, depending on how they attach to the body. Fix-in necks are glued to the body at the factory. This is the traditional type of joint. Leo Fender pioneered bolt-on necks on electric guitars to facilitate easy aligning and replacement. Neck-through instruments extend the cervix to the length of the musical instrument so that information technology forms the center of the body. While a set-in cervix tin can exist carefully unglued past a skilled luthier, and a bolt-on neck can merely be unscrewed, a neck-through pattern is difficult or even impossible to repair, depending on the damage. Historically, the commodities-on style has been more pop for ease of installation and adjustment. Since commodities-on necks tin can be easily removed, at that place is an after-market in replacement bolt-on necks from companies such as Warmoth and Mighty Mite. Some instruments—notably well-nigh Gibson models—go on to use set up-in glued necks. Neck-through bodies are somewhat more than common in bass guitars.

Materials for necks are selected for dimensional stability and rigidity,^[37] and some allege that they influence tone. Hardwoods are preferred, with maple, mahogany, and ash topping the list. Today there are expensive and budget guitars exploring other options for breadboard wood for example Pau-Ferro, both for availability and cheap prince while withal maintaining quality.^[38] Mahogany is more common on expensive guitars. The neck and fingerboard can be fabricated from different materials; for example, a guitar may have a maple neck with a rosewood or ebony fingerboard. In the 1970s, designers began to use exotic man-made materials such every bit aircraft-grade aluminum, carbon fiber, and ebonol. Makers known for these unusual materials include John Veleno, Travis Bean, Geoff Gould, and Alembic.

Bated from possible engineering advantages, some experience that with the rise price of rare tonewoods, man-made materials may be economically preferable and more ecologically sensitive. However, forest remains popular in production instruments, though sometimes in conjunction with new materials. Vigier guitars, for instance, utilize a wooden cervix reinforced by embedding a light, carbon fiber rod in identify of the usual heavier steel bar or adjustable steel truss rod. After-market necks fabricated entirely from carbon fiber fit existing bolt-on instruments. Few, if any, extensive formal investigations have been widely published that confirm or refute claims over the effects of different woods or materials on the electric guitar audio.

A cervix-through bass guitar

Several neck shapes appear on guitars, including shapes known every bit C necks, U necks, and V necks. These refer to the cross-sectional shape of the cervix (especially most the nut). Several sizes of fret wire are available, with traditional players oftentimes preferring thin frets, and metal shredders liking thick frets. Thin frets are considered better for playing chords, while thick frets allow lead guitarists to bend notes with less endeavour.

An electric guitar with a folding neck called the "Foldaxe" was designed and congenital for Chet Atkins by Roger C. Field.^[39] Steinberger guitars developed a line of exotic, carbon fiber instruments without headstocks, with tuning washed on the span instead.

Fingerboards vary equally much as necks. The fingerboard surface usually has a cross-sectional radius that is optimized to accommodate finger move for different playing techniques. Fingerboard radius typically ranges from virtually apartment (a very big radius) to radically biconvex (a minor radius). The vintage Fender Telecaster, for example, has a typical small radius of approximately vii.25 inches (xviii.iv cm). Some manufacturers accept experimented with fret profile and material, fret layout, number of frets, and modifications of the fingerboard surface for diverse reasons. Some innovations were intended to improve playability by ergonomic means, such as Warmoth Guitars' compound radius fingerboard. Scalloped fingerboards added enhanced microtonality during fast legato runs. Fanned frets intend to provide each cord with an optimal playing tension and enhanced musicality. Some guitars have no frets—and others, like the Gittler guitar, have no neck in the traditional sense.

See likewise [edit]

• List of electric guitar brands
• Bass guitar
• Bahian guitar
• Distortion (guitar)
• Effects pedal
• Electric pipa
• Electromagnetic induction
• Electronic tuner
• Guitar harmonics
• Guitar synthesizer
• Guitar amplifier
• Keytar
• List of guitars
• List of guitarists
• Pickup
• Sitarla
• Stars and Their Guitars: A History of the Electric Guitar (documentary film)
• Vintage guitar

References [edit]

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31. ^ "What are the tonal differences on solid torso guitars, between Alder, Ash, Poplar, Basswood, Mahogany and Maple? · Client Self-Service". support.fender.com . Retrieved 18 March 2022.
32. ^ Hunter, Dave (2006). The Electric Guitar Sourcebook: How to Find the Sounds Yous Similar (one. ed.). San Francisco: Backbeat. p. 20. ISBN0879308869.
33. ^ "Electric Guitar (Les Paul model) by Gibson, Inc., Kalamazoo, 1952". Orgs.usd.edu. Retrieved 8 Nov 2012.
34. ^ Vassilis Lembessis, Dr. (1 July 2001). "Physics... in action". Europhysics News. 32 (four): 125. doi:10.1051/epn:2001402. ISSN 0531-7479.
35. ^ Lemme, Helmuth. "The Secrets of Electrical Guitar Pickups" (PDF). Build Your Guitar. Electronic Musician. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
36. ^ "Calibration Length Explained". StewMac . Retrieved 24 July 2019.
37. ^ "Roasted Maple: Guitar Neck Wood Guide". Commercialforestproducts.com. 22 September 2019.
38. ^ "Pau Ferro Guitars | Fender Guitars". world wide web.fender.com . Retrieved xviii March 2022.
39. ^ Cochran, Russ and Atkins, Chet (2003). Chet Atkins: Me and My Guitars, Hal Leonard, p. 124, ISBN 0-634-05565-8.

Sources [edit]

• Broadbent, Peter (1997). Charlie Christian: Solo Flying – The Seminal Electric Guitarist. Ashley Marking Publishing Company. ISBNi-872639-56-nine.

External links [edit]

• ON! The Beginnings of Electric Audio Generation – an showroom at the Museum of Making Music, National Association of Music Merchants, Carlsbad, CA – some of the earliest electrical guitars and their history, from the collection of Lynn Wheelwright and others
• Male monarch of Kays Vintage guitar'due south from America, Japan, and Italy. Pictures, history, and forums.
• The Invention of the Electric Guitar – Online exhibition at the Smithsonian Establishment's National Museum of American History
• Sweetwater Sound | Who Invented the Electric Guitar? — A chronological exploration of the development of the electrical guitar from 1890 to 1952, including contributions from Rickenbacker, Bigbsy, Fender, and Gibson.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_guitar

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